Several joints in the foot can develop end-stage arthritis or a rigid deformity that won’t respond to less-invasive measures. Fusing the affected joint or joints eliminates the painful motion and restores a stable, well-aligned foot. The surgery is tailored to which joints are affected: subtalar fusion for the joint beneath the ankle (commonly post-traumatic after a calcaneal fracture), talo-navicular fusion or calcaneo-cuboid fusion in the hindfoot, midfoot fusion for the Lisfranc and tarsometatarsal joints (often arthritic after high-energy injuries), or a triple fusion when all three hindfoot joints are involved. The work-up is detailed — weight-bearing X-rays, often weight-bearing CT, sometimes diagnostic injections to confirm which joint is generating the pain. Modern fixation (low-profile plates, dedicated compression screws) achieves high union rates when patient selection is right, and most patients walk surprisingly well after a well-done foot fusion has healed.